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Lombok,安装和使用小技巧

时间:2022-05-23 13:32 来源:未知 作者:与你共我 收藏

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简介

为了减少写一些 get/set/toString 方法,让项目代码更加整洁,提高开发效率,发现大家都开始采用 Lombok 这个工具。Lombok 是一个 Java 类库,它会自动插入编辑器和构建工具,用于帮助开发人员消除 Java 中冗长样板代码。而我们开发人员所要做的,仅仅是添加几个 Lombok 中的注解,就可以替换掉原来的多行 get/set/toString 方法代码,既简洁也易于维护。下面我们就来看看,如何安装并使用这一工具。

安装 Lombok

日常开发中,相信大多数人现在使用的都是 IDEA 这个 Java 神器了,如果你还在使用 Eclipse 或者 MyEclipse 等工具,那强烈推荐你去体验一把 IDEA,相信你一用上它就会爱上他它的强大!下面我就一在 IDEA 中使用 Lombok 为例,看看如何安装并使用它。

在先前 IDEA 的版本中,Lombok 是需要通过插件来安装的,安装方法如下:依次进入File -> Settings -> Plugins,然后搜索 Lombok ,最后进行安装即可。而在新版本的 IDEA 中,Lombok 已经被集成到 IDEA 中,我们不用再去安装它就可以直接使用,可以说是十分方便了。

老版本 IDEA 安装 Lombok

Lombok,安装和使用小技巧

新版本中集成了 Lombok

Lombok,安装和使用小技巧

以上就是 Lombok 的安装过程了,是不是十分简单?那接下来我们就来看看,如何在我们的项目中使用 Lombok!

Lombok 使用

现在大家进行项目管理时用的工具大多应该都是 Maven,所以我们直接在需要使用 Lombok 的项目中加入 Lombok 编译支持,也就是在 pom.xml 文件中加入以下依赖。

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
  <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>

导入相关依赖之后,接下来就是具体使用过程了。

具体使用

在需要的实体类中引入相关注解即可,只不过注解不同它们所对应的功能也不同,而且同一个注解可能在不同位置的功能也不一样。如下图;

Lombok,安装和使用小技巧

常用注解

@Data

注解在 类 上:给类的所有属性提供 get 和 set 方法,此外还有 equals、canEqual、hashCode、toString 方法以及 默认参数为空的构造方法;

使用前:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;

public class User {
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;

  public User() {
  }

  public Long getId() {
    return this.id;
  }

  public String getName() {
    return this.name;
  }

  public Integer getAge() {
    return this.age;
  }

  public String getEmail() {
    return this.email;
  }

  public void setId(final Long id) {
    this.id = id;
  }

  public void setName(final String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

  public void setAge(final Integer age) {
    this.age = age;
  }

  public void setEmail(final String email) {
    this.email = email;
  }

  public boolean equals(final Object o) {
    if (o == this) {
      return true;
    } else if (!(o instanceof User)) {
      return false;
    } else {
      User other = (User)o;
      if (!other.canEqual(this)) {
        return false;
      } else {
        label59: {
          Object this$id = this.getId();
          Object other$id = other.getId();
          if (this$id == null) {
            if (other$id == null) {
              break label59;
            }
          } else if (this$id.equals(other$id)) {
            break label59;
          }

          return false;
        }

        Object this$age = this.getAge();
        Object other$age = other.getAge();
        if (this$age == null) {
          if (other$age != null) {
            return false;
          }
        } else if (!this$age.equals(other$age)) {
          return false;
        }

        Object this$name = this.getName();
        Object other$name = other.getName();
        if (this$name == null) {
          if (other$name != null) {
            return false;
          }
        } else if (!this$name.equals(other$name)) {
          return false;
        }

        Object this$email = this.getEmail();
        Object other$email = other.getEmail();
        if (this$email == null) {
          if (other$email != null) {
            return false;
          }
        } else if (!this$email.equals(other$email)) {
          return false;
        }

        return true;
      }
    }
  }

  protected boolean canEqual(final Object other) {
    return other instanceof User;
  }

  public int hashCode() {
    int PRIME = true;
    int result = 1;
    Object $id = this.getId();
    int result = result * 59 + ($id == null  43 : $id.hashCode());
    Object $age = this.getAge();
    result = result * 59 + ($age == null  43 : $age.hashCode());
    Object $name = this.getName();
    result = result * 59 + ($name == null  43 : $name.hashCode());
    Object $email = this.getEmail();
    result = result * 59 + ($email == null  43 : $email.hashCode());
    return result;
  }

  public String toString() {
    Long var10000 = this.getId();
    return "User(id=" + var10000 + ", name=" + this.getName() + ", age=" + this.getAge() + ", email=" + this.getEmail() + ")";
  }
}

使用后:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;
import lombok.Data;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @author : zhangliang
* @version : 1.0
* @project : User
* @package : com.cunyu.user.entity
* @className : User
* @createTime : 2021/8/6 17:14
* @description : 用户实体类
*/

@Data
public class User {
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;
}

@Setter

注解在 类 上:为该类所有属性均提供 set 方法,同时提供 默认构造方法;

使用前:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;
public class User {
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;
  public User() {
  }
  public void setId(final Long id) {
    this.id = id;
  }
  public void setName(final String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }
  public void setAge(final Integer age) {
    this.age = age;
  }
  public void setEmail(final String email) {
    this.email = email;
  }
}

使用后:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;

import lombok.Setter;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @author : zhangliang
* @version : 1.0
* @project : User
* @package : com.cunyu.user.entity
* @className : User
* @createTime : 2021/8/6 17:14
* @description : 用户实体类
*/
@Setter
public class User {
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;
}

注解在 属性 上:为该属性提供 set 方法,同时提供 默认构造方法;

使用前:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;
public class User {
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;
  public User() {
  }
  public void setId(final Long id) {
    this.id = id;
  }
}

使用后:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;
import lombok.Setter;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @author : zhangliang
* @version : 1.0
* @project : User
* @package : com.cunyu.user.entity
* @className : User
* @createTime : 2021/8/6 17:14
* @description : 用户实体类
*/
public class User {
  @Setter
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;
}

@Getter

注解在 类 上:为该类所有属性均提供 get 方法,同时提供 默认构造方法;

使用前:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;
public class User {
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;
  public User() {
  }
  public Long getId() {
    return this.id;
  }
  public String getName() {
    return this.name;
  }
  public Integer getAge() {
    return this.age;
  }
  public String getEmail() {
    return this.email;
  }
}

使用后:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;
import lombok.Getter;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @author : zhangliang
* @version : 1.0
* @project : User
* @package : com.cunyu.user.entity
* @className : User
* @createTime : 2021/8/6 17:14
* @description : 用户实体类
*/
@Getter
public class User {
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;
}

注解在 属性 上:为该属性提供 get 方法,同时提供 默认构造方法;

使用前:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;
public class User {
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;
  public User() {
  }
  public Long getId() {
    return this.id;
  }
}

使用后:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;
import lombok.Getter;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @author : zhangliang
* @version : 1.0
* @project : User
* @package : com.cunyu.user.entity
* @className : User
* @createTime : 2021/8/6 17:14
* @description : 用户实体类
*/
public class User {
  @Getter
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;
}

@ToString

注解在 类 上:生成所有参数的 toString() 方法,同时提供 默认构造方法;

使用前:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;
public class User {
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;
  public User() {
  }
  public String toString() {
    return "User(id=" + this.id + ", name=" + this.name + ", age=" + this.age + ", email=" + this.email + ")";
  }
}

使用后:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;
import lombok.ToString;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @author : zhangliang
* @version : 1.0
* @project : User
* @package : com.cunyu.user.entity
* @className : User
* @createTime : 2021/8/6 17:14
* @description : 用户实体类
*/
@ToString
public class User {
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;
}

@Value

注解在 类 上:生成 get 方法,以及 equals、hashCode、toString 方法,同时提供 含所有参数的构造方法;

使用前:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;
public final class User {
  private final Long id;
  private final String name;
  private final Integer age;
  private final String email;
  public User(final Long id, final String name, final Integer age, final String email) {
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    this.email = email;
  }
  public Long getId() {
    return this.id;
  }
  public String getName() {
    return this.name;
  }
  public Integer getAge() {
    return this.age;
  }
  public String getEmail() {
    return this.email;
  }
  public boolean equals(final Object o) {
    if (o == this) {
      return true;
    } else if (!(o instanceof User)) {
      return false;
    } else {
      User other;
      label56: {
        other = (User)o;
        Object this$id = this.getId();
        Object other$id = other.getId();
        if (this$id == null) {
          if (other$id == null) {
            break label56;
          }
        } else if (this$id.equals(other$id)) {
          break label56;
        }
        return false;
      }
      label49: {
        Object this$age = this.getAge();
        Object other$age = other.getAge();
        if (this$age == null) {
          if (other$age == null) {
            break label49;
          }
        } else if (this$age.equals(other$age)) {
          break label49;
        }

        return false;
      }
      Object this$name = this.getName();
      Object other$name = other.getName();
      if (this$name == null) {
        if (other$name != null) {
          return false;
        }
      } else if (!this$name.equals(other$name)) {
        return false;
      }

      Object this$email = this.getEmail();
      Object other$email = other.getEmail();
      if (this$email == null) {
        if (other$email != null) {
          return false;
        }
      } else if (!this$email.equals(other$email)) {
        return false;
      }

      return true;
    }
  }
  public int hashCode() {
    int PRIME = true;
    int result = 1;
    Object $id = this.getId();
    int result = result * 59 + ($id == null  43 : $id.hashCode());
    Object $age = this.getAge();
    result = result * 59 + ($age == null  43 : $age.hashCode());
    Object $name = this.getName();
    result = result * 59 + ($name == null  43 : $name.hashCode());
    Object $email = this.getEmail();
    result = result * 59 + ($email == null  43 : $email.hashCode());
    return result;
  }
  public String toString() {
    Long var10000 = this.getId();
    return "User(id=" + var10000 + ", name=" + this.getName() + ", age=" + this.getAge() + ", email=" + this.getEmail() + ")";
  }
}

使用后:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;
import lombok.Value;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @author : zhangliang
* @version : 1.0
* @project : User
* @package : com.cunyu.user.entity
* @className : User
* @createTime : 2021/8/6 17:14
* @description : 用户实体类
*/

@Value
public class User {
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;
}

@AllArgsConstructor

注解在 类 上:为类提供一个 全参构造方法,但此时不再提供默认构造方法;

使用前:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;
public class User {
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;

  public User(final Long id, final String name, final Integer age, final String email) {
    this.id = id;
    this.name = name;
    this.age = age;
    this.email = email;
  }
}

使用后:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @author : zhangliang
* @version : 1.0
* @project : User
* @package : com.cunyu.user.entity
* @className : User
* @createTime : 2021/8/6 17:14
* @description : 用户实体类
*/
@AllArgsConstructor
public class User {
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;
}

@NoArgsConstructor

注解在 类 上:为类提供一个 无参构造方法;

使用前:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;
public class User {
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;
  public User() {
  }
}

使用后:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @author : zhangliang
* @version : 1.0
* @project : User
* @package : com.cunyu.user.entity
* @className : User
* @createTime : 2021/8/6 17:14
* @description : 用户实体类
*/
@NoArgsConstructor
public class User {
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;
}

@RequiredArgsConstructor

注解在 类 上:使用类中所有带 @NonNull 注解的或带有 final 修饰的成员变量生成对应构造方法;

使用前:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;
import lombok.NonNull;
public class User {
  @NonNull
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  @NonNull
  private String email;

  public User(@NonNull final Long id, @NonNull final String email) {
    if (id == null) {
      throw new NullPointerException("id is marked non-null but is null");
    } else if (email == null) {
      throw new NullPointerException("email is marked non-null but is null");
    } else {
      this.id = id;
      this.email = email;
    }
  }
}

使用后:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @author : zhangliang
* @version : 1.0
* @project : User
* @package : com.cunyu.user.entity
* @className : User
* @createTime : 2021/8/6 17:14
* @description : 用户实体类
*/
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class User {
  @NonNull
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  @NonNull
  private String email;
}

@NonNull

注解在 属性 上,自动生成一个关于该参数的非空检查,若参数为 null,则抛出一个空指针异常,同时提供 默认构造方法,具体用法可以参照上面的例子;

@EqualsAndHashCode

注解在 类 上,生成 equals、canEquals、hasnCode 方法,同时会生成默认构造方法;

使用前:

//
// Source code recreated from a .class file by IntelliJ IDEA
// (powered by FernFlower decompiler)
//
package com.cunyu.user.entity;
public class User {
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;

  public User() {
  }
  public boolean equals(final Object o) {
    if (o == this) {
      return true;
    } else if (!(o instanceof User)) {
      return false;
    } else {
      User other = (User)o;
      if (!other.canEqual(this)) {
        return false;
      } else {
        label59: {
          Object this$id = this.id;
          Object other$id = other.id;
          if (this$id == null) {
            if (other$id == null) {
              break label59;
            }
          } else if (this$id.equals(other$id)) {
            break label59;
          }

          return false;
        }

        Object this$age = this.age;
        Object other$age = other.age;
        if (this$age == null) {
          if (other$age != null) {
            return false;
          }
        } else if (!this$age.equals(other$age)) {
          return false;
        }

        Object this$name = this.name;
        Object other$name = other.name;
        if (this$name == null) {
          if (other$name != null) {
            return false;
          }
        } else if (!this$name.equals(other$name)) {
          return false;
        }

        Object this$email = this.email;
        Object other$email = other.email;
        if (this$email == null) {
          if (other$email != null) {
            return false;
          }
        } else if (!this$email.equals(other$email)) {
          return false;
        }

        return true;
      }
    }
  }
  protected boolean canEqual(final Object other) {
    return other instanceof User;
  }
  public int hashCode() {
    int PRIME = true;
    int result = 1;
    Object $id = this.id;
    int result = result * 59 + ($id == null  43 : $id.hashCode());
    Object $age = this.age;
    result = result * 59 + ($age == null  43 : $age.hashCode());
    Object $name = this.name;
    result = result * 59 + ($name == null  43 : $name.hashCode());
    Object $email = this.email;
    result = result * 59 + ($email == null  43 : $email.hashCode());
    return result;
  }
}

使用后:

package com.cunyu.user.entity;
import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
/**
* Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
*
* @author : zhangliang
* @version : 1.0
* @project : User
* @package : com.cunyu.user.entity
* @className : User
* @createTime : 2021/8/6 17:14
* @description : 用户实体类
*/

@EqualsAndHashCode
public class User {
  private Long id;
  private String name;
  private Integer age;
  private String email;
}

@Cleanup

注解在 局部变量 前,保证该变量代表的资源使用后自动关闭,默认调用资源的 close() 方法,若该资源有其它关闭方法,可用 @Cleanup("方法名") 来指定要调用的方法,同时提供 默认构造方法;

使用前:

import java.io.*;

public class CleanupExample {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    InputStream in = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
    try {
      OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(args[1]);
      try {
        byte[] b = new byte[10000];
        while (true) {
          int r = in.read(b);
          if (r == -1) break;
          out.write(b, 0, r);
        }
      } finally {
        if (out != null) {
          out.close();
        }
      }
    } finally {
      if (in != null) {
        in.close();
      }
    }
  }
}

使用后:

import lombok.Cleanup;
import java.io.*;

public class CleanupExample {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    @Cleanup InputStream in = new FileInputStream(args[0]);
    @Cleanup OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(args[1]);
    byte[] b = new byte[10000];
    while (true) {
      int r = in.read(b);
      if (r == -1) break;
      out.write(b, 0, r);
    }
  }
}

@Synchronized

注解在 类方法 或 实例方法:效果与 synchronized 关键字相同,区别在于锁对象不同,对于类方法和实例方法,synchronized 关键字的锁对象分别是 类的 class 对象和 this 对象,而 @Synchronized 的锁对象分别是 私有静态 final 对象 lock 和 私有 final 对象 lock,也可以自己指定锁对象,同时提供默认构造方法;

使用前:

public class SynchronizedExample {
  private static final Object $LOCK = new Object[0];
  private final Object $lock = new Object[0];
  private final Object readLock = new Object();
  public static void hello() {
    synchronized($LOCK) {
      System.out.println("world");
    }
  }
  public int answerToLife() {
    synchronized($lock) {
      return 42;
    }
  }

  public void foo() {
    synchronized(readLock) {
      System.out.println("bar");
    }
  }
}

使用后:

import lombok.Synchronized;
public class SynchronizedExample {
  private final Object readLock = new Object();
  @Synchronized
  public static void hello() {
    System.out.println("world");
  }
  @Synchronized
  public int answerToLife() {
    return 42;
  }
  @Synchronized("readLock")
  public void foo() {
    System.out.println("bar");
  }
}

@SneakyThrows

注解在 方法 上:将方法中的代码用 try-catch 语句包裹,捕获异常并在 catch 中用 Lombok.sneakyThrow(e) 将异常抛出,还可以用 @SneakyThrows(Exception.class) 的形式指定抛出异常类型,同时提供 默认构造方法;

使用前:

import lombok.Lombok;
public class SneakyThrowsExample implements Runnable {
  public String utf8ToString(byte[] bytes) {
    try {
      return new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
    } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
      throw Lombok.sneakyThrow(e);
    }
  }
  public void run() {
    try {
      throw new Throwable();
    } catch (Throwable t) {
      throw Lombok.sneakyThrow(t);
    }
  }
}

使用后:

import lombok.SneakyThrows;
public class SneakyThrowsExample implements Runnable {
  @SneakyThrows(UnsupportedEncodingException.class)
  public String utf8ToString(byte[] bytes) {
    return new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
  }
  @SneakyThrows
  public void run() {
    throw new Throwable();
  }
}

@Log

注解在 类 上:主要用于我们记录日志信息,同时提供 默认构造方法。它封装了多个主流 Log 库,主要有如下几个;

  • @Log
  • @Slf4j
  • Log4j
  • Log4j2

总结:

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