C++实现学生信息管理系统(完整版)

本文实例为大家分享了C++实现学生信息管理系统的具体代码，供大家参考，具体内容如下

实现功能

上面的功能基本完全实现

目前的程序其实还存在两个问题：

1、无法从文件中读取信息，我感觉是格式问题，输出的格式需要改，但是这样的话，保存在文件的信息看起来就不是很方便了
2、保存新同学的学号与当前记录的学号相同时不会提醒，这个实现起来比较容易，在保存的时候，再加一个链表查询就可以了，是我太懒了。

源码附上

#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include<windows.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;
#define null NULL
class student
{
  private:
    int flag;
    friend class studentMessage;
    student *next; //节点指针
    string name; //学生姓名
    string address; //家庭住址
    int age; //年龄
    int id; //学号
    string sex;
    char grade;         班级
    // A  代表大学生
    // B  代表中学生
    // C  代表小学生
    double chinese , math , english; //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语
    double history , geography ;   //历史 ， 地理
    string major; long long int TL;   // 专业 ， 电话

  public:
    static int num_total; //总数
    static int num_sex;
    static int num_age;

    //小学生初始化
    student(int _id,string _name,string _sex,int _age,char _grade,double _chinese,double _math,double _english)
    {
      name = _name;
      grade = _grade;
      age = _age;
      sex = _sex;
      id = _id;

      chinese = _chinese;
      math  = _math;
      english = _english;
      next = NULL;
    }

    //初中生初始化
    student(int _id,string _name,string _sex,int _age,char _grade,double _geography,double _history,string _address)
    {
      name = _name;
      grade = _grade;
      age = _age;
      sex = _sex;
      id = _id;

      geography = _geography;
      history  = _history;
      address  = _address;
      next = NULL;
    }
    //大学生初始化
    student(int _id,string _name,string _sex,int _age,char _grade,string _major,string _address,long long int _TL)
    {
      name = _name;
      grade = _grade;
      age = _age;
      sex = _sex;
      id = _id;

      major = _major;
      address = _address;
      TL   = _TL;
      next = NULL;
    }

    //构造函数
    student() //为studentMessage初始化头结点用
    {
      name = "null";
      sex = "null";
      address = "null";
      age = 0;
      id = 0;
      chinese = 0;
      math = 0;
      english = 0;
      grade = '0';
      geography = 0;
      history = 0;
      major = "null";
      TL = 0;
      next = NULL;
    }
    ~student(){}
    void swap(student*);
};
int student::num_total = 0; 初始化
int student::num_sex = 0;
int student::num_age = 0;

void student::swap(student *q)
{
  string _name,_sex,_address;
  int _age,_id;

  char grade;         班级
    // A  代表大学生
    // B  代表中学生
    // C  代表小学生
  double _chinese , _math , _english; //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语
  double _history , _geography ;   //历史 ， 地理
  string _major; long long int _TL;   // 专业 ， 电话

  _chinese  = chinese;
  chinese  = q->chinese;
  q->chinese = _chinese;

  _math  = math;
  math  = q->math;
  q->math = _math;

  _english  = english;
  english  = q->english;
  q->english = _english;

  _history  = history;
  history  = q->history;
  q->history = _history;

  _geography  = geography;
  geography  = q->geography;
  q->geography = _geography;

  _major  = major;
  major  = q->major;
  q->major = _major;

  _TL  = TL;
  TL  = q->TL;
  q->TL = _TL;

  _name  = name;
  name  = q->name;
  q->name = _name;

  _sex  = sex;
  sex  = q->sex;
  q->sex = _sex;

  _address  = address;
  address  = q->address;
  q->address = _address;

  _age  = age;
  age  = q->age;
  q->age = _age;

  _id  = id;
  id  = q->id;
  q->id = _id;

}
class studentMessage
{
  private:
   student *first; //头指针
   int num; //信息中的学生人数
  public:
    studentMessage()
    {
      num = 0; //初始化学生人数为0
      first = new student; //初始化头结点
    }
    ~studentMessage(){delete first;}

    /*管理系统常规操作*/
    void Insret(void); //插入
    void Display(void); //显示
    void Delete(void); //删除
    void Search(void); //搜索
    void Change(void); //改动
    void SearchByid(void); //按照学号查找
    void SearchByname(void); //按照姓名查找
    int menu(void); //初始的菜单
    void clear(void); //清空列表
    void tongji(void); //统计学生人数
    void save(void);
    void read(void);
};


int studentMessage::menu(void)
{
  system("cls");
  int ch;
  cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
  cout<<"**********************************************************************"<<endl;
  cout<<"======================================================================"<<endl;
  cout<<"***************************学生信息管理系统***************************"<<endl;cout<<endl;
  cout<<endl;
  cout<<"              1.添加功能"<<endl;
  cout<<"              2.查询功能"<<endl;
  cout<<"              3.显示功能"<<endl;
  cout<<"              4.编辑功能"<<endl;
  cout<<"              5.删除功能"<<endl;
  cout<<"              6.统计功能"<<endl;
  cout<<"              7.保存功能"<<endl;
  cout<<"              8.全部删除"<<endl;
  cout<<"              0.退出系统"<<endl;cout<<endl;
  cout<<endl;
  cout<<"***********************************************************************"<<endl;
  cout<<"======================================================================="<<endl;
  cout<<"***********************************************************************"<<endl;
  cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
  cin >> ch;
  cout<<"\n\n\n"<<endl;
  return ch;
}

void studentMessage::save(void)
{
  system("cls");
  fstream f("student.txt",ios::out);
  int i;
  if(!f)
  {
    cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
    cout<<"文件保存失败!！！！按任意键返回..."<<endl;
     if(i = getch()) return ;
  }

  if(student::num_total == 0)
    {
      f<<"当前记录中无学生..."<<endl;
    }

  else
    {
      student *p = first->next;
      while(p != null)
      {
        f<<"学号:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl;
        f<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;
        f<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;
        f<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl;
        f<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl;

      if(p->grade == 'A')
      {
        f<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl;
        f<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
        f<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;
      }

      else if(p->grade == 'B')
      {
        f<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl;
        f<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl;
        f<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
      }

      else
      {
        f<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl;
        f<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl;
        f<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl;
      }
    f<<"------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
      p = p->next;
      }

    }
    f.close();
      cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
      cout<<"学生信息文件已创建，按任意键继续"<<endl;
      i = getch();

}

void studentMessage::read(void)
{
  system("cls");
  string name;
  int age;
  int id;
  char grade;
  string sex,address;
  double chinese , math , english; //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语
  double history , geography ;   //历史 ， 地理
  string major; long long int TL;   // 专业 ， 电话
  int i;
  char ch;
 ifstream f("student.txt");
  while(1)
  {
    f>>ch;
    if(f.eof())
    {
      cout<<"文件为空！按任意键返回"<<endl;
      if(i = getch()) return ;
    }

      f>>name;
      f>>sex;
      f>>age;
      f>>id;
      f>>grade;
    if(grade=='A')
    {
      f>>major;
      f>>address;
      f>>TL;
    }

    else if(grade == 'B')
    {

      f>>geography;
      f>>history;
      f>>address;
    }
    else
    {
      f>>chinese;
      f>>math;
      f>>english;
    }
    student::num_total ++;

    if(sex=="boy") student::num_sex++;
    if(age>=18) student::num_age ++;
    student *newstu = new student();
    if(grade == 'A')  newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,major,address,TL);
    else if(grade == 'B')  newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,geography,history,address);
    else if(grade == 'C')  newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,chinese,math,english);
  student *p = first;
  while(p->next != NULL)
    {
      p = p->next;
    }
    p->next = newstu;
    newstu->next = null;
  }

}
/统计
void studentMessage::tongji(void)
{
  system("cls");//
  cout<<"学生人数一共为：" <<student::num_total<<endl;
  cout<<"男生一共有："<<student::num_sex<<endl;
  cout<<"女生一共有："<<student::num_total-student::num_sex<<endl;
  cout<<"成年人有："<<student::num_age<<endl;
  int i;
      cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
      cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl;
      i = getch();
}


//插入
void studentMessage::Insret(void)
{
  system("cls");//
  string name;
  int age;
  int id;
  char grade;
  string sex,address;
  double chinese , math , english; //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语
  double history , geography ;   //历史 ， 地理
  string major; long long int TL;   // 专业 ， 电话

  cout<<"请输入学生姓名: ";
  cin>>name;
  cout<<"请输入学生性别(boy/girl): ";
  cin>>sex;
  cout<<"请输入学生年龄: ";
  cin>>age;
  cout<<"请输入学生学号: ";
  cin>>id;
  cout<<"下面请输入学生班级(大学生输入'A'，初中生输入'B',小学生输入'C'): ";
  cout<<endl;
  cin>>grade;
  cout<<endl;
  if(grade=='A')
  {

    cout<<"请输入专业："<<endl;
    cin>>major;
    cout<<"请输入家庭住址："<<endl;
    cin>>address;
    cout<<"请输入联系电话："<<endl;
    cin>>TL;
  }

  else if(grade == 'B')
  {

    cout<<"请输入地理成绩："<<endl;
    cin>>geography;
    cout<<"请输入历史成绩："<<endl;
    cin>>history;
    cout<<"请输入家庭住址："<<endl;
    cin>>address;
  }
  else
  {
    cout<<"请输入语文成绩："<<endl;
    cin>>chinese;
    cout<<"请输入数学成成绩："<<endl;
    cin>>math;
    cout<<"请输入英语成绩："<<endl;
    cin>>english;
  }
  student::num_total ++;
  if(sex=="boy") student::num_sex++;
  if(age>=18) student::num_age ++;
  student *newstu = new student();
    if(grade == 'A')  newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,major,address,TL);
  else if(grade == 'B')  newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,geography,history,address);
  else if(grade == 'C')  newstu = new student(id,name,sex,age,grade,chinese,math,english);


  student *p = first;
  while(p->next != NULL)
  {
    p = p->next;
  }
  p->next = newstu;
  newstu->next = null;
}
//00000000000000000000000/
void studentMessage::Display(void)
{
  system("cls");
  if(student::num_total == 0)
  {
    cout<<"当前记录中无学生..."<<endl;
  }

  else
  {
    student *p = first->next;
    while(p != null)
    {
      cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl;
      cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;
      cout<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;
      cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl;
      cout<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl;

      if(p->grade == 'A')
      {
        cout<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl;
        cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
        cout<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;
      }

      else if(p->grade == 'B')
      {
        cout<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl;
        cout<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl;
        cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
      }

      else
      {
        cout<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl;
        cout<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl;
        cout<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl;
      }
  cout<<"------------------------------------------------"<<endl;
      p = p->next;
    }
  }
  int i;
      cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
      cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl;
      i = getch();
}

//删除功能~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
void studentMessage::Delete(void)
{
  string _name;
  system("cls");
  cout<<"请输入需要删除的同学姓名："<<endl;
  cin>>_name;
  int k=0;
  student *p = first;
  student *pre = first;
  while(p->next)
  {
    pre=p->next;
    if(pre->name == _name)
    {
      p->next=pre->next;
      k=1;
      delete pre;
    }
    p=p->next;
  }
  if(k==0&&p->name!=_name)  cout<<"记录为空!"<<endl;
  else
  {
    student::num_total--;
    if(p->sex=="boy") student::num_sex--;
    if(p->age>=18)  student::num_age--;
  }


  int i;
      cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
      cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl;
      i = getch();
}


void studentMessage::Search(void)
{
  system("cls");/
  int temp = 0;
  cout<<"请输入查找的条件，有如下选项..."<<endl;
  cout<<"按照学号查找（请输入【1】） 按照姓名查找（请输入【2】） "<<endl;
  cout<<" 退出（请输入【666】）"<<endl;
  cin>>temp;
  switch(temp)
  {
    case 1: SearchByid(); break;
    case 2: SearchByname(); break;
    case 666: return;
    default: cout<<"输入有误..."<<endl;
  }
}

void studentMessage::SearchByid(void)
{
  system("cls");//
  int _id;
  int flag = 0;
  cout<<"请输入待查找学生的学号：";
  cin >> _id;
  student *p = first->next;
  while(p != null)
  {
    if(p->id == _id)
    {
      flag = 1;
      cout<<"下面是查找匹配结果："<<endl;
      cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;

      cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl;
      cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;
      cout<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;
      cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl;
      cout<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl;

      if(p->grade == 'A')
      {
        cout<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl;
        cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
        cout<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;
      }
      else if(p->grade == 'B')
      {
        cout<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl;
        cout<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl;
        cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
      }
      else
      {
        cout<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl;
        cout<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl;
        cout<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl;
      }
    }
    p = p->next;
  }
  if(flag == 0)
  {
    cout<<"未找到匹配项..."<<endl;
  }
  int i;
      cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
      cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl;
      i = getch();
}

void studentMessage::SearchByname(void)
{
  system("cls");/
  string _name;
  int flag = 0;
  cout<<"请输入待查找的学生姓名: ";
  cin >> _name;
  student *p = first->next;
  while(p != null)
  {
    if(p->name == _name)
    {
      cout<<"下面是查找匹配结果："<<endl;
      cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;

      cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl;
      cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;
      cout<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;
      cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl;
      cout<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl;
      if(p->grade == 'A')
      {
        cout<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl;
        cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
        cout<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;
      }
      else if(p->grade == 'B')
      {
        cout<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl;
        cout<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl;
        cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
      }
      else
      {
        cout<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl;
        cout<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl;
        cout<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl;
      }
    }
    p = p->next;
  }

  if(flag == 0)
  {
    cout<<"未找到匹配项..."<<endl;
  }
  int i;
      cout<<endl;cout<<endl;cout<<endl;
      cout<<"按任意键继续"<<endl;
      i = getch();
}

void studentMessage::Change(void)
{
  system("cls");//
  string _name,_sex,_address,_major;
  char _grade; long long int _TL;
  double _chinese , _math , _english; //语文 ， 数学 ， 英语
  double _history , _geography ;   //历史 ， 地理

  int flag = 0,temp;
  int _id,_age;
  int course = 0;
  cout<<"请输入需要改动信息的学生的姓名: ";
  cin >> _name;
  student *p = first->next;
  while(p != null)
  {
    if(p->name == _name)
    {
      flag = 1;
      cout<<"该学生当前信息如下："<<endl;
      cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl;
      cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<endl;
      cout<<"性别(boy/girl):"<<p->sex<<endl;
      cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<endl;
      cout<<"班级:"<<p->grade<<endl;

      if(p->grade == 'A')
      {
        cout<<"专业："<<p->major<<endl;
        cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
        cout<<"联系方式："<<p->TL<<endl;
      }
      else if(p->grade == 'B')
      {
        cout<<"地理成绩："<<p->geography<<endl;
        cout<<"历史成绩："<<p->history<<endl;
        cout<<"家庭住址："<<p->address<<endl;
      }
      else
      {
        cout<<"语文成绩："<<p->chinese<<endl;
        cout<<"数学成绩："<<p->math<<endl;
        cout<<"英语成绩："<<p->english<<endl;
      }

      cout<<"请指明哪一项需要修改..."<<endl;
      cout<<"修改学号（输入【1】） 修改年龄（输入【2】）修改班级信息（输入【3】） "<<endl;
      cout<<" 退出（输入【666】）"<<endl;
      cin >> temp;
      switch(temp)
      {
        case 1:
          {
            cout<<"请输入新的学号："<<endl;cin>>_id;
            p->id = _id;
          }
          break;
        case 2:
          {
            cout<<"请输入新的年龄："<<endl;;cin>>_age;
            p->age = _age;
          }
          break;
        case 3:
          {
            cout<<"请输入新的班级信息(大学生输入'A'，初中生输入'B',小学生输入'C')："<<endl;;cin>>_grade;
            p->grade = _grade;

            if(_grade=='A')
              {

                cout<<"请输入专业："<<endl;
                cin>>_major;
                p->major = _major;
                cout<<"请输入家庭住址："<<endl;
                cin>>_address;
                p->address = _address;
                cout<<"请输入联系电话："<<endl;
                cin>>_TL;
                p->TL = _TL;
              }
            else if(_grade == 'B')
              {

                cout<<"请输入地理成绩："<<endl;
                cin>>_geography;
                p->geography = _geography;
                cout<<"请输入历史成绩："<<endl;
                cin>>_history;
                p->history = _history;
                cout<<"请输入家庭住址："<<endl;
                cin>>_address;
                p->address = _address;
              }
              else
              {
                cout<<"请输入语文成绩："<<endl;
                cin>>_chinese;
                p->chinese = _chinese;
                cout<<"请输入数学成成绩："<<endl;
                cin>>_math;
                p->major = _math;
                cout<<"请输入英语成绩："<<endl;
                cin>>_english;
                p->english = _english;
              }
          }
          break;
          case 666: return ;
          cout<<"修改后的信息如下： "<<endl;
          cout<<"姓名:"<<p->name<<" "<<endl;
          cout<<"性别:"<<p->sex<<" "<<endl;
          cout<<"年龄:"<<p->age<<" "<<endl;
          cout<<"学号:"<<p->id<<" "<<endl;
          cout<<"地址:"<<p->address<<" "<<endl;

        default: cout<<"输入有误..."<<endl;
      }
    }
    p = p->next;
  }
  if(flag == 0)
    cout<<"当前记录中没有此学生..."<<endl;
}

void studentMessage::clear(void)
{
  student *p = first->next;
  while(p != null)
  {
    first->next = p->next;
    p->next = null;
    delete p;
    p = first->next;
  }
}

int main()
{
  studentMessage stulist;
  int ch;
  while(ch = stulist.menu())
  {
    switch(ch)
    {

      case 1: stulist.Insret(); break;
      case 2: stulist.Search(); break;
      case 3: stulist.Display(); break;
      case 4: stulist.Change(); break;
      case 5: stulist.Delete(); break;
      case 6: stulist.tongji(); break;
      case 7: stulist.save();  break;
      case 8: stulist.clear();  break;
      case 0: return 0;
      default: cout<<"请按要求输入..."<<endl;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持源码搜藏网。