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通过WCF扩展实现消息压缩

时间:2014-03-11 11:57 来源: 作者: 收藏

对于需要进行大规模数据传输的WCF应用来说,对于请求消息和回复消息进行传输前的压缩,不但可以降低网络流量,也可以提高网络传输的性能。由于WCF的扩展性,我们可以采用不同的方式实现对消息的压缩,本文提供一种比较简单的实现方式。[源代码从这里下载]

一、三种可行的消息压缩方案
二、DataCompressor——用于数据压缩与解压缩组件
三、MessageCompressor——用于消息压缩与解压的组件
四、CompressionMessageFormatter——用于对请求/回复消息压缩和解压缩的组件
五、CompressionOperationBehaviorAttribute——将CompressionMessageFormatter用于WCF运行时框架的操作行为
六、查看结构压缩后的消息
七、补充说明

一、三种可行的消息压缩方案

消息压缩在WCF中的实现其实很简单,我们只需要在消息(请求消息/回复消息)被序列化之后,发送之前进行压缩;在接收之后,反序列化之前进行解压缩即可。针对压缩/解压缩使用的时机,我们具有三种典型的解决方案。

二、DataCompressor——用于数据压缩与解压缩组件

我们支持两种方式的压缩,Dflate和GZip。两种不同的压缩算法通过如下定义的CompressionAlgorithm枚举表示。

   1: public enum CompressionAlgorithm
   2: {
   3:     GZip,
   4:     Deflate
   5: }

而如下定义的DataCompressor负责基于上述两种压缩算法实际上的压缩和解压缩工作。

   1: internal class DataCompressor
   2: {
   3:     public static byte[] Compress(byte[] decompressedData, CompressionAlgorithm algorithm)
   4:     {
   5:         using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream())
   6:         {
   7:             if (algorithm == CompressionAlgorithm.Deflate)
   8:             {
   9:                 GZipStream stream2 = new GZipStream(stream, CompressionMode.Compress, true);
  10:                 stream2.Write(decompressedData, 0, decompressedData.Length);
  11:                 stream2.Close();
  12:             }
  13:             else
  14:             {
  15:                 DeflateStream stream3 = new DeflateStream(stream, CompressionMode.Compress, true);
  16:                 stream3.Write(decompressedData, 0, decompressedData.Length);
  17:                 stream3.Close();
  18:             }
  19:             return stream.ToArray();
  20:         }
  21:     }
  22:  
  23:     public static byte[] Decompress(byte[] compressedData, CompressionAlgorithm algorithm)
  24:     {
  25:         using (MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream(compressedData))
  26:         {
  27:             if (algorithm == CompressionAlgorithm.Deflate)
  28:             {
  29:                 using (GZipStream stream2 = new GZipStream(stream, CompressionMode.Decompress))
  30:                 {
  31:                     return LoadToBuffer(stream2);
  32:                 }
  33:             }
  34:             else
  35:             {
  36:                 using (DeflateStream stream3 = new DeflateStream(stream, CompressionMode.Decompress))
  37:                 {
  38:                     return LoadToBuffer(stream3);
  39:                 }
  40:             }
  41:         }
  42:     }
  43:  
  44:     private static byte[] LoadToBuffer(Stream stream)
  45:     {
  46:         using (MemoryStream stream2 = new MemoryStream())
  47:         {
  48:             int num;
  49:             byte[] buffer = new byte[0x400];
  50:             while ((num = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) > 0)
  51:             {
  52:                 stream2.Write(buffer, 0, num);
  53:             }
  54:             return stream2.ToArray();
  55:         }
  56:     }
  57: }

三、MessageCompressor——用于消息压缩与解压的组件

而针对消息的压缩和解压缩通过如下一个MessageCompressor来完成。具体来说,我们通过上面定义的DataCompressor对消息的主体部分内容进行压缩,并将压缩后的内容存放到一个预定义的XML元素中(名称和命名空间分别为CompressedBody和http://www.artech.com/comporession/),同时添加相应的MessageHeader表示消息经过了压缩,以及采用的压缩算法。对于解压缩,则是通过消息是否具有相应的MessageHeader判断该消息是否经过压缩,如果是则根据相应的算法对其进行解压缩。具体的实现如下:

   1: public class MessageCompressor
   2:  {
   3:      public MessageCompressor(CompressionAlgorithm algorithm)
   4:      {
   5:          this.Algorithm = algorithm;
   6:      }
   7:      public Message CompressMessage(Message sourceMessage)
   8:      {
   9:          byte[] buffer;
  10:          using (XmlDictionaryReader reader1 = sourceMessage.GetReaderAtBodyContents())
  11:          {
  12:              buffer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(reader1.ReadOuterXml());
  13:          }
  14:          if (buffer.Length == 0)
  15:          {
  16:              Message emptyMessage = Message.CreateMessage(sourceMessage.Version, (string)null);
  17:              sourceMessage.Headers.CopyHeadersFrom(sourceMessage);
  18:              sourceMessage.Properties.CopyProperties(sourceMessage.Properties);
  19:              emptyMessage.Close();
  20:              return emptyMessage;
  21:          }
  22:          byte[] compressedData = DataCompressor.Compress(buffer, this.Algorithm);
  23:          string copressedBody = CompressionUtil.CreateCompressedBody(compressedData);
  24:          XmlTextReader reader = new XmlTextReader(new StringReader(copressedBody), new NameTable());
  25:          Message message2 = Message.CreateMessage(sourceMessage.Version, null, (XmlReader)reader);
  26:          message2.Headers.CopyHeadersFrom(sourceMessage);
  27:          message2.Properties.CopyProperties(sourceMessage.Properties);
  28:          message2.AddCompressionHeader(this.Algorithm);
  29:          sourceMessage.Close();
  30:          return message2;
  31:      }
  32:  
  33:      public Message DecompressMessage(Message sourceMessage)
  34:      {
  35:          if (!sourceMessage.IsCompressed())
  36:          {
  37:              return sourceMessage;
  38:          }
  39:          CompressionAlgorithm algorithm = sourceMessage.GetCompressionAlgorithm();
  40:          sourceMessage.RemoveCompressionHeader();
  41:          byte[] compressedBody = sourceMessage.GetCompressedBody();
  42:          byte[] decompressedBody = DataCompressor.Decompress(compressedBody, algorithm);
  43:          string newMessageXml = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decompressedBody);
  44:          XmlTextReader reader2 = new XmlTextReader(new StringReader(newMessageXml));
  45:          Message newMessage = Message.CreateMessage(sourceMessage.Version, null, reader2);
  46:          newMessage.Headers.CopyHeadersFrom(sourceMessage);
  47:          newMessage.Properties.CopyProperties(sourceMessage.Properties);
  48:          return newMessage;
  49:      }
  50:  
  51:      public CompressionAlgorithm Algorithm { get; private set; }
  52:  }

下面是针对Message类型而定义了一些扩展方法和辅助方法。

   1: public static class CompressionUtil
   2: {
   3:     public const string CompressionMessageHeader = "Compression";
   4:     public const string CompressionMessageBody = "CompressedBody";
   5:     public const string Namespace = "http://www.artech.com/compression";
   6:  
   7:     public static bool IsCompressed(this Message message)
   8:     {
   9:         return message.Headers.FindHeader(CompressionMessageHeader, Namespace) > -1;
  10:     }
  11:  
  12:     public static void AddCompressionHeader(this Message message, CompressionAlgorithm algorithm)
  13:     { 
  14:         message.Headers.Add(MessageHeader.CreateHeader(CompressionMessageHeader, Namespace, string.Format("algorithm = \"{0}\"",algorithm)));
  15:     }
  16:  
  17:     public static void RemoveCompressionHeader(this Message message)
  18:     {
  19:         message.Headers.RemoveAll(CompressionMessageHeader, Namespace);
  20:     }
  21:  
  22:     public static CompressionAlgorithm GetCompressionAlgorithm(this Message message)
  23:     {
  24:         if (message.IsCompressed())
  25:         {
  26:             var algorithm = message.Headers.GetHeader<string>(CompressionMessageHeader, Namespace);
  27:             algorithm = algorithm.Replace("algorithm =", string.Empty).Replace("\"", string.Empty).Trim();
  28:             if (algorithm == CompressionAlgorithm.Deflate.ToString())
  29:             {
  30:                 return CompressionAlgorithm.Deflate;
  31:             }
  32:  
  33:             if (algorithm == CompressionAlgorithm.GZip.ToString())
  34:             {
  35:                 return CompressionAlgorithm.GZip;
  36:             }
  37:             throw new InvalidOperationException("Invalid compression algrorithm!");
  38:         }
  39:         throw new InvalidOperationException("Message is not compressed!");
  40:     }
  41:  
  42:     public static byte[] GetCompressedBody(this Message message)
  43:     {
  44:         byte[] buffer;
  45:         using (XmlReader reader1 = message.GetReaderAtBodyContents())
  46:         {
  47:             buffer = Convert.FromBase64String(reader1.ReadElementString(CompressionMessageBody, Namespace));
  48:         }
  49:         return buffer;
  50:     }
  51:  
  52:     public static string CreateCompressedBody(byte[] content)
  53:     {
  54:         StringWriter output = new StringWriter();
  55:         using (XmlWriter writer2 = XmlWriter.Create(output))
  56:         {
  57:             writer2.WriteStartElement(CompressionMessageBody, Namespace);
  58:             writer2.WriteBase64(content, 0, content.Length);
  59:             writer2.WriteEndElement();
  60:         }
  61:         return output.ToString();
  62:     }
  63: }

四、CompressionMessageFormatter——用于对请求/回复消息压缩和解压缩的组件

消息的序列化和反序列化最终是通过MessageFormatter来完成的。具体来说,客户端通过ClientMessageFormatter实现对请求消息的序列化和对回复消息的序列化,而服务端通过DispatchMessageFormatter实现对请求消息的反序列化和对回复消息的序列化。

在默认的情况下,WCF选用的MessageFormatter为DataContractSerializerOperationFormatter,它采用DataContractSerializer进行实际的序列化和法序列化操作。我们自定义的MessageFormatter实际上是对DataContractSerializerOperationFormatter的封装,我们依然使用它来完成序列化和反序列化工作,额外实现序列化后的压缩和法序列化前的解压缩。

因为DataContractSerializerOperationFormatter是一个internal类型,我们只有通过反射的方式来创建它。如下的代码片断为用于进行消息压缩与解压缩的自定义MessageFormatter,即CompressionMessageFormatter的定义。

   1: public class CompressionMessageFormatter: IDispatchMessageFormatter, IClientMessageFormatter
   2: {
   3:     private const string DataContractSerializerOperationFormatterTypeName = "System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher.DataContractSerializerOperationFormatter, System.ServiceModel, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089";
   4:  
   5:     public IDispatchMessageFormatter InnerDispatchMessageFormatter { get; private set; }
   6:     public IClientMessageFormatter InnerClientMessageFormatter { get; private set; }
   7:     public MessageCompressor MessageCompressor { get; private set; }
   8:  
   9:     public CompressionMessageFormatter(CompressionAlgorithm algorithm, OperationDescription description, DataContractFormatAttribute dataContractFormatAttribute, DataContractSerializerOperationBehavior serializerFactory)
  10:     {
  11:         this.MessageCompressor = new MessageCompressor(algorithm);
  12:         Type innerFormatterType = Type.GetType(DataContractSerializerOperationFormatterTypeName);
  13:         var innerFormatter = Activator.CreateInstance(innerFormatterType, description, dataContractFormatAttribute, serializerFactory);
  14:         this.InnerClientMessageFormatter = innerFormatter as IClientMessageFormatter;
  15:         this.InnerDispatchMessageFormatter = innerFormatter as IDispatchMessageFormatter;
  16:     }
  17:  
  18:     public void DeserializeRequest(Message message, object[] parameters)
  19:     {
  20:         message = this.MessageCompressor.DecompressMessage(message);
  21:         this.InnerDispatchMessageFormatter.DeserializeRequest(message, parameters);
  22:     }
  23:  
  24:     public Message SerializeReply(MessageVersion messageVersion, object[] parameters, object result)
  25:     {
  26:         var message = this.InnerDispatchMessageFormatter.SerializeReply(messageVersion, parameters, result);
  27:         return this.MessageCompressor.CompressMessage(message);
  28:     }
  29:  
  30:     public object DeserializeReply(Message message, object[] parameters)
  31:     {
  32:         message = this.MessageCompressor.DecompressMessage(message);
  33:         return this.InnerClientMessageFormatter.DeserializeReply(message, parameters);
  34:     }
  35:  
  36:     public Message SerializeRequest(MessageVersion messageVersion, object[] parameters)
  37:     {
  38:         var message = this.InnerClientMessageFormatter.SerializeRequest(messageVersion, parameters);
  39:         return this.MessageCompressor.CompressMessage(message);
  40:     }
  41: }

五、CompressionOperationBehaviorAttribute——将CompressionMessageFormatter用于WCF运行时框架的操作行为

ClientMessageFormatter和DispatchMessageFormatter实际上属于ClientOperation和DispatchOperation的组件。我们可以通过如下一个自定义的操作行为CompressionOperationBehaviorAttribute将其应用到相应的操作上。

   1: [AttributeUsage( AttributeTargets.Method)]
   2: public class CompressionOperationBehaviorAttribute: Attribute, IOperationBehavior
   3: {
   4:     public CompressionAlgorithm Algorithm { get; set; }
   5:  
   6:     public void AddBindingParameters(OperationDescription operationDescription, BindingParameterCollection bindingParameters) { }
   7:  
   8:     public void ApplyClientBehavior(OperationDescription operationDescription, ClientOperation clientOperation)
   9:     {
  10:         clientOperation.SerializeRequest = true;
  11:         clientOperation.DeserializeReply = true;
  12:         var dataContractFormatAttribute = operationDescription.SyncMethod.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DataContractFormatAttribute), true).FirstOrDefault() as DataContractFormatAttribute;
  13:         if (null == dataContractFormatAttribute)
  14:         {
  15:             dataContractFormatAttribute = new DataContractFormatAttribute();
  16:         }
  17:  
  18:         var dataContractSerializerOperationBehavior = operationDescription.Behaviors.Find<DataContractSerializerOperationBehavior>();
  19:         clientOperation.Formatter = new CompressionMessageFormatter(this.Algorithm, operationDescription, dataContractFormatAttribute, dataContractSerializerOperationBehavior);            
  20:     }
  21:  
  22:     public void ApplyDispatchBehavior(OperationDescription operationDescription, DispatchOperation dispatchOperation)
  23:     {
  24:         dispatchOperation.SerializeReply        = true;
  25:         dispatchOperation.DeserializeRequest    = true;
  26:         var dataContractFormatAttribute = operationDescription.SyncMethod.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(DataContractFormatAttribute), true).FirstOrDefault() as DataContractFormatAttribute;
  27:         if (null == dataContractFormatAttribute)
  28:         {
  29:             dataContractFormatAttribute = new DataContractFormatAttribute();
  30:         }
  31:         var dataContractSerializerOperationBehavior = operationDescription.Behaviors.Find<DataContractSerializerOperationBehavior>();
  32:         dispatchOperation.Formatter = new CompressionMessageFormatter(this.Algorithm, operationDescription, dataContractFormatAttribute, dataContractSerializerOperationBehavior);     
  33:     }
  34:  
  35:     public void Validate(OperationDescription operationDescription) { }
  36: }

六、查看结构压缩后的消息

为了验证应用了CompressionOperationBehaviorAttribute特性的操作方法对应的消息是否经过了压缩,我们可以通过一个简单的例子来检验。我们采用常用的计算服务的例子,下面是服务契约和服务类型的定义。我们上面定义的CompressionOperationBehaviorAttribute应用到服务契约的Add操作上。

   1: [ServiceContract(Namespace= "http://www.artech.com/")]
   2: public interface ICalculator
   3: {
   4:     [OperationContract]
   5:     [CompressionOperationBehavior]
   6:     double Add(double x, double y);
   7: }
   8: public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
   9: {
  10:     public double Add(double x, double y)
  11:     {
  12:         return x + y;
  13:     }
  14: }

我们采用BasicHttpBinding作为终结点的绑定类型(具体的配置请查看源代码),下面是通过Fiddler获取的消息的内容,它们的主体部分都经过了基于压缩的编码。

   1: <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
   2:   <s:Header>
   3:     <Compression xmlns="http://www.artech.com/compression">algorithm = "GZip"</Compression>
   4:   </s:Header>
   5:   <s:Body>
   6:     <CompressedBody xmlns="http://www.artech.com/compression">7L0HYBx ... CQAA//8=</CompressedBody>
   7:   </s:Body>
   8: </s:Envelope>

回复消息

   1: <s:Envelope xmlns:s="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/">
   2:   <s:Header>
   3:     <Compression xmlns="http://www.artech.com/compression">algorithm = "GZip"</Compression>
   4:   </s:Header>
   5:   <s:Body>
   6:     <CompressedBody xmlns="http://www.artech.com/compression">7L0H...PAAAA//8=</CompressedBody>
   7:   </s:Body>
   8: </s:Envelope>

七、补充说明

由于CompressionMessageFormatter使用基于DataContractSerializer序列化器的DataContractSerializerOperationFormatter进行消息的序列化和发序列化工作。而DataContractSerializer仅仅是WCF用于序列化的一种默认的选择(WCF还可以采用传统的XmlSeriaizer)。为了让CompressionMessageFormatter能够使用其他序列化器,你可以对于进行相应的修正。


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