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通过实例模拟ASP.NET MVC的Model绑定的机制:集合+字典

时间:2014-03-11 11:41 来源: 作者: 收藏

在本系列的前面两篇文章(《简单类型+复杂类型》、《数组》)我们通过创建的实例程序模拟了ASP.NET MVC默认使用的DefaultModelBinder对简单类型、复杂类型以及数组对象的Model绑定。现在我们按照相同的方式来分析基于集合和字典类型的Model绑定是如何实现的。[源代码从这里下载][本文已经同步到《How ASP.NET MVC Works》中]

一、集合

这里的集合指的是除数组和字典之外的所有实现IEnumerable<T>接口的类型。和基于数组的Model绑定类似,ValueProvider可以将多个同名的数据项作为集合的元素,基于索引(基零整数和字符串)的数据项命名方式同样适用。我们对自定义的DefaultModelBinder作了如下的完善使之支持集合类型的Model绑定。

   1: public class DefaultModelBinder
   2: {
   3:     //其他成员
   4:     public object BindModel(Type parameterType, string prefix)
   5:     {
   6:         if (!this.ValueProvider.ContainsPrefix(prefix))
   7:         {
   8:             return null;
   9:         }
  10:         ModelMetadata modelMetadata = ModelMetadataProviders.Current.GetMetadataForType(() => null, parameterType);
  11:         if (!modelMetadata.IsComplexType)
  12:         {
  13:             return this.ValueProvider.GetValue(prefix).ConvertTo(parameterType);
  14:         }
  15:         if (parameterType.IsArray)
  16:         {
  17:             return BindArrayModel(parameterType, prefix);
  18:         }
  19:         object model = CreateModel(parameterType);
  20:         Type enumerableType = ExtractGenericInterface(parameterType, typeof(IEnumerable<>));
  21:         if (null != enumerableType)
  22:         {
  23:             return BindCollectionModel(prefix, model, enumerableType);
  24:         }
  25:         foreach (PropertyDescriptor property in TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(parameterType))
  26:         {                
  27:             string key = prefix == ""  property.Name : prefix + "." + property.Name;
  28:             property.SetValue(model, BindModel(property.PropertyType, key));
  29:         }
  30:         return model;
  31:     }
  32:  
  33:     private object BindCollectionModel(string prefix, object model, Type enumerableType)
  34:     {
  35:         List<object> list = new List<object>();
  36:         bool numericIndex;
  37:         IEnumerable<string> indexes = GetIndexes(prefix, out numericIndex);
  38:         Type elementType = enumerableType.GetGenericArguments()[0];
  39:  
  40:         if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(prefix) && this.ValueProvider.ContainsPrefix(prefix))
  41:         {
  42:             IEnumerable enumerable = this.ValueProvider.GetValue(prefix).ConvertTo(enumerableType) as IEnumerable;
  43:             if (null != enumerable)
  44:             {
  45:                 foreach (var value in enumerable)
  46:                 {
  47:                     list.Add(value);
  48:                 }
  49:             }
  50:         }      
  51:         foreach (var index in indexes)
  52:         {
  53:             string indexPrefix = prefix + "[" + index + "]";
  54:             if (!this.ValueProvider.ContainsPrefix(indexPrefix) && numericIndex)
  55:             {
  56:                 break;
  57:             }
  58:             list.Add(BindModel(elementType, indexPrefix));
  59:         }
  60:         if (list.Count == 0)
  61:         {
  62:             return null;
  63:         }
  64:         ReplaceHelper.ReplaceCollection(elementType, model, list);
  65:         return model;
  66:     }
  67:     
  68:     private Type ExtractGenericInterface(Type queryType, Type interfaceType)
  69:     {
  70:         Func<Type, bool> predicate = t => t.IsGenericType && (t.GetGenericTypeDefinition() == interfaceType);
  71:         if (!predicate(queryType))
  72:         {
  73:             return queryType.GetInterfaces().FirstOrDefault<Type>(predicate);
  74:         }
  75:         return queryType;
  76:     }
  77: }

如上面的代码片断所示,在BindModel方法中我们通过调用ExtractGenericInterface判断目标类型是否实现了IEnumerable<T>接口,如果实现了该接口则提取泛型元素类型。针对集合的Model绑定实现在方法BindCollectionModel中,我们按照数组绑定的方式得的针对目标集合对象的所有元素对象,并将其添加到一个List<object>对象中,然后调用ReplaceHelper 的静态方法ReplaceCollection将该列表中的元素拷贝到预先创建的Model对象中。定义在ReplaceHelper的静态方法ReplaceCollection定义如下:

   1: internal static class ReplaceHelper
   2: {
   3:     private static MethodInfo replaceCollectionMethod = typeof(ReplaceHelper).GetMethod("ReplaceCollectionImpl", BindingFlags.Static |BindingFlags.NonPublic);
   4:  
   5:      public static void ReplaceCollection(Type collectionType, object collection, object newContents)
   6:     {
   7:         replaceCollectionMethod.MakeGenericMethod(new Type[] { collectionType }).Invoke(null, new object[] { collection, newContents });
   8:     } 
   9:     private static void ReplaceCollectionImpl<T>(ICollection<T> collection, IEnumerable newContents)
  10:     {
  11:         collection.Clear();
  12:         if (newContents != null)
  13:         {
  14:             foreach (object obj2 in newContents)
  15:             {
  16:                 T item = (obj2 is T)  ((T)obj2) : default(T);
  17:                 collection.Add(item);
  18:             }
  19:         }
  20:     }
  21: }

为了让演示针对集合类型的Model绑定,我们对实例中的HomeController作了如下的修改。Action方法的参数类型替换成IEnumerable<Contact>,该集合中的每个Contact的信息在该方法中被呈现出来。通过GetValueProvider提供的NameValueCollectionValueProvider采用基零整数索引的方式定义数据项。

   1: public class HomeController : Controller
   2: {
   3:     private IValueProvider GetValueProvider()
   4:     {
   5:         NameValueCollection requestData = new NameValueCollection();
   6:         requestData.Add("[0].Name", "Foo");
   7:         requestData.Add("[0].PhoneNo", "123456789");
   8:         requestData.Add("[0].EmailAddress", "Foo@gmail.com");
   9:  
  10:         requestData.Add("[1].Name", "Bar");
  11:         requestData.Add("[1].PhoneNo", "987654321");
  12:         requestData.Add("[1].EmailAddress", "Bar@gmail.com");
  13:  
  14:         return new NameValueCollectionValueProvider(requestData, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
  15:     }
  16:          
  17:     public void Action(IEnumerable<Contact> contacts)
  18:     {
  19:         foreach (Contact contact in contacts)
  20:         {
  21:             Response.Write(string.Format("{0}: {1}<br/>", "Name", contact.Name));
  22:             Response.Write(string.Format("{0}: {1}<br/>", "Phone No.", contact.PhoneNo));
  23:             Response.Write(string.Format("{0}: {1}<br/><br/>", "Email Address",contact.EmailAddress));
  24:         }
  25:     }
  26: }

该程序被执行之后,在浏览器上依然会呈现出如下所示的我们希望的数据,这充分证明了我们自定义的DefaultModelBinder具有针对集合的绑定能力。

   1: Name: Foo
   2: PhoneNo: 123456789
   3: EmailAddress: Foo@gmail.com
   4:  
   5: Name: Bar
   6: PhoneNo: 987654321
   7: EmailAddress: Bar@gmail.com

二、 字典

这里的字典指的是实现了接口IDictionary<TKey,TValue>的类型。在Model绑定过程中基于字典类型的数据映射很好理解,首先,字典是一个KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>对象的集合,所以在字典元素这一级可以采用基于索引的匹配机制;其次,KeyValuePair<TKey,TValue>是一个复杂类型,可以按照属性名称(Key和Value)进行匹配。比如说作为某个ValueProvider数据源的NameValueCollection具有如下的结构,它可以映射为一个IDictionary<string, Contact>对象(Contact对象作为Value,其Name属性作为Key)。

   1: [0].Key               : Foo
   2: [0].Value.Name        : Foo
   3: [0].Value.EmailAddress: Foo@gmail.com
   4: [0].Value.PhoneNo     : 123456789
   5:  
   6: [1].Key               : Bar
   7: [1].Value.Name        : Bar
   8: [1].Value.EmailAddress: Bar@gmail.com
   9: [1].Value.PhoneNo     : 987654321

现在我们对用于模拟默认Model绑定的自定义DefaultModelBinder作最后的完善,使之支持针对字典类型的Model绑定。如下面的代码片断所示,在通过调用CreateModel创建Model对象之后,我们调用ExtractGenericInterface方法判断目标类型是否是一个字典,如果是则返回具体的字典类型,然后调用BindDictionaryModel方法实施针对字典类型的Model绑定。

   1: public class DefaultModelBinder
   2: {
   3:     //其他成员
   4:     public object BindModel(Type parameterType, string prefix)
   5:     {
   6:         if (!this.ValueProvider.ContainsPrefix(prefix))
   7:         {
   8:             return null;
   9:         }
  10:  
  11:         ModelMetadata modelMetadata = ModelMetadataProviders.Current.GetMetadataForType(() => null, parameterType);
  12:         if (!modelMetadata.IsComplexType)
  13:         {
  14:             return this.ValueProvider.GetValue(prefix).ConvertTo(parameterType);
  15:         }
  16:         if (parameterType.IsArray)
  17:         {
  18:             return BindArrayModel(parameterType, prefix);
  19:         }
  20:         object model = CreateModel(parameterType);
  21:         Type dictionaryType = ExtractGenericInterface(parameterType, typeof(IDictionary<,>));
  22:         if (null != dictionaryType)
  23:         {
  24:             return BindDictionaryModel(prefix, model, dictionaryType);
  25:         }
  26:  
  27:         Type enumerableType = ExtractGenericInterface(parameterType, typeof(IEnumerable<>));
  28:         if (null != enumerableType)
  29:         {
  30:             return BindCollectionModel(prefix, model, enumerableType);
  31:         }
  32:         foreach (PropertyDescriptor property in TypeDescriptor.GetProperties(parameterType))
  33:         {                
  34:             string key = prefix == ""  property.Name : prefix + "." + property.Name;
  35:             property.SetValue(model, BindModel(property.PropertyType, key));
  36:         }
  37:         return model;
  38:     }
  39:     
  40:     private object BindDictionaryModel(string prefix, object model, Type dictionaryType)
  41:     {
  42:         List<KeyValuePair<object, object>> list = new List<KeyValuePair<object, object>>();
  43:         bool numericIndex;
  44:         IEnumerable<string> indexes = GetIndexes(prefix, out numericIndex);
  45:         Type[] genericArguments = dictionaryType.GetGenericArguments();
  46:         Type keyType = genericArguments[0];
  47:         Type valueType = genericArguments[1];
  48:  
  49:         foreach (var index in indexes)
  50:         {
  51:             string indexPrefix = prefix + "[" + index + "]";
  52:             if (!this.ValueProvider.ContainsPrefix(indexPrefix) && numericIndex)
  53:             {
  54:                 break;
  55:             }
  56:             string keyPrefix = indexPrefix + ".Key";
  57:             string valulePrefix = indexPrefix + ".Value";
  58:             list.Add(new KeyValuePair<object, object>(BindModel(keyType, keyPrefix), BindModel(valueType, valulePrefix)));
  59:         }
  60:         if (list.Count == 0)
  61:         {
  62:             return null;
  63:         }
  64:         ReplaceHelper.ReplaceDictionary(keyType, valueType, model, list);
  65:         return model;
  66:     }    
  67: }

在BindDictionaryModel方法中,我们采用与数组/集合绑定一样的方式调用GetIndexes方法得到索引列表。在对该列表进行遍历过程中,我们在索引的基础上添加“.Key”和“.Value”后缀从而得到作为字典元素(KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue>)Key和Value对象的前缀,并将该前缀作为参数递归地调用BindModel方法得到具体作为Key和Value的对象。在得到字典元素Key和Value之后,我们创建一个KeyValuePair<object, object>对象并添加预先创建的列表中。最后我们调用ReplaceHelper的静态方法ReplaceDictionary将该列表拷贝到作为Model的字典对象中,ReplaceHelper的静态方法ReplaceDictionary定义如下。

   1: internal static class ReplaceHelper
   2: {
   3:     //其他成员
   4:     private static MethodInfo replaceDictionaryMethod = typeof(ReplaceHelper).GetMethod("ReplaceDictionaryImpl", BindingFlags.Static |BindingFlags.NonPublic);    
   5:  
   6:     public static void ReplaceDictionary(Type keyType, Type valueType, object dictionary, object newContents)
   7:     {
   8:         replaceDictionaryMethod.MakeGenericMethod(new Type[] { keyType, valueType }).Invoke(null, new object[] { dictionary, newContents });
   9:     }
  10:  
  11:     private static void ReplaceDictionaryImpl<TKey, TValue>(IDictionary<TKey, TValue> dictionary, IEnumerable<KeyValuePair<object, object>> newContents)
  12:     {
  13:         dictionary.Clear();
  14:         foreach (KeyValuePair<object, object> pair in newContents)
  15:         {
  16:             TKey key = (TKey)pair.Key;
  17:             TValue local2 = (TValue)((pair.Value is TValue)  pair.Value : default(TValue));
  18:             dictionary[key] = local2;
  19:         }
  20:     }
  21: }

我们照例通过我们创建的实例程序来验证自定义的DefaultModelBinder是否能够支持针对字典的Model绑定。如下面的代码片断所示,我们让HomeController的Action方法接受一个IDictionary<string, Contact>类型的参数,并在该方法中将作为Key的字符串和作为Value的Contact的相关信息呈现出来。在GetValueProvider方法中提供的NameValueCollectionValueProvider按照相应的映射规则对绑定到字典对象的数据项。

   1: public class HomeController : Controller
   2: {
   3:     private IValueProvider GetValueProvider()
   4:     {
   5:         NameValueCollection requestData = new NameValueCollection();
   6:         requestData.Add("[0].Key", "Foo");
   7:         requestData.Add("[0].Value.Name", "Foo");
   8:         requestData.Add("[0].Value.PhoneNo", "123456789");
   9:         requestData.Add("[0].Value.EmailAddress", "Foo@gmail.com");
  10:  
  11:         requestData.Add("[1].Key", "Bar");
  12:         requestData.Add("[1].Value.Name", "Bar");
  13:         requestData.Add("[1].Value.PhoneNo", "987654321");
  14:         requestData.Add("[1].Value.EmailAddress", "Bar@gmail.com");
  15:  
  16:         return new NameValueCollectionValueProvider(requestData, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
  17:     }
  18:  
  19:     public void Action(IDictionary<string, Contact> contacts)
  20:     {
  21:         foreach (string key  in contacts.Keys)
  22:         {
  23:             Response.Write(key + "<br/>");
  24:             Contact contact = contacts[key];
  25:             Response.Write(string.Format("&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{0}: {1}<br/>","Name", contact.Name));
  26:             Response.Write(string.Format("&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{0}: {1}<br/>","PhoneNo", contact.PhoneNo));
  27:             Response.Write(string.Format("&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;{0}: {1}<br/><br/>", "EmailAddress", contact.EmailAddress));
  28:         }
  29:     }
  30: }

程序运行之后会在浏览器中得到如下的我们期望的输出结果。(S520)

   1: Foo
   2:     Name: Foo
   3:     PhoneNo: 123456789
   4:     EmailAddress: Foo@gmail.com
   5:  
   6: Bar
   7:     Name: Bar
   8:     PhoneNo: 987654321
   9:     EmailAddress: Bar@gmail.com

通过实例模拟ASP.NET MVC的Model绑定的机制:简单类型+复杂类型
通过实例模拟ASP.NET MVC的Model绑定的机制:数组
通过实例模拟ASP.NET MVC的Model绑定的机制:集合+字典


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